基于DigitalOcean制作OpenStack的镜像

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一：准备工作
1、环境检查，看看CPU支不支持硬件虚拟

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 ~]# egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
6
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 ~]#

2、安装kvm相关的包

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 ~]# yum update -y
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 ~]# yum install qemu-kvm qemu-img virt-manager libvirt \
libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools -y

3、启动libvirtd

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 ~]# systemctl start libvirtd && systemctl enable libvirtd

4、检查KVM模块是否被加载

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 ~]# lsmod | grep kvm
kvm_intel             174841  0 
kvm                   578558  1 kvm_intel
irqbypass              13503  1 kvm
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 ~]#

5、如果你和我一样是最小化安装CentOS 7，那么virt-manger将无法启动，所以需要安装x-window软件包。

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 ~]# yum install "@X Window System" xorg-x11-xauth xorg-x11-fonts-* xorg-x11-utils -y

6、检查现有网络的状态，如果看到一个名为default状态为active的网络就是正常的

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 ~]# virsh net-list --all
 Name                 State      Autostart     Persistent
----------------------------------------------------------
 default              active     yes           yes

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 ~]#

7、下载ISO镜像文件

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 ~]# mkdir -p /data && cd /data
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# axel -an 20 http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/linux/centos/7.5.1804/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1804.iso -o CentOS-7.5.1804-x86_64-Everything.iso
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# axel -an 20 http://mirrors.dtops.cc/iso2/Windows/cn_windows_server_2016_vl_feb_2018_x64_dvd_11636695.iso

8、使用命令创建一个KVM虚拟机

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# qemu-img info CentOS-7.5.1804-x86_64-Everything.iso 
image: CentOS-7.5.1804-x86_64-Everything.iso
file format: raw
virtual size: 8.8G (9397338112 bytes)
disk size: 8.8G
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 centos.qcow2 40G           
Formatting 'centos.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=42949672960 encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off 
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# NAME=centos && ROOT_DISK=centos.qcow2 && CDROM=`pwd`/CentOS-7.5.1804-x86_64-Everything.iso
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virt-install \
--virt-type kvm \
--name $NAME \
--ram 1024 \
--disk $ROOT_DISK,format=qcow2 \
--network network=default \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \
--noautoconsole \
--os-type=linux \
--os-variant=rhel7 \
--cdrom=$CDROM

Starting install...
Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to 
the console to complete the installation process.
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]#

如果你网络很好，也可以采取在线安装的方式，这就不用单独下载系统镜像了

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xiaoyawl/centos_init/master/CentOS-7-kickstart.cfg
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 centos7-test.qcow2 40G 
Formatting 'centos7-test.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=42949672960 encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off 
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# NAME=centos7 && ROOT_DISK=centos7-test.qcow2
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virt-install --virt-type kvm --name $NAME \
  --memory 2048 \
  --vcpus 2 \
  --disk $ROOT_DISK,format=qcow2 \
  --network network=default \
  --os-type=linux \
  --os-variant=rhel7 \
  --initrd-inject /data/CentOS-7-kickstart.cfg \
  --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \
  --noautoconsole \
  --console pty,target_type=serial \
  --location=http://ftp.sakura.ad.jp/pub/linux/centos/7/os/x86_64/ \
  --extra-args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8" \
  --extra-args="ks=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xiaoyawl/centos_init/master/CentOS-7-kickstart.cfg"
Starting install...
Retrieving file vmlinuz...                                                                                                                                                       | 5.9 MB  00:00:00     
Retrieving file initrd.img...                                                                                                                                                    |  50 MB  00:00:01     
Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to 
the console to complete the installation process.
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]#

---extra-args "ks=http://www.dwhd.org/script/kickstart/CentOS_7_x86_64_centos.cfg ksdevice=eth0 ip=10.10.21.76 netmask=255.255.255.240 dns=10.10.21.1 gateway=10.10.21.100"

为了进度，我这边同时开了两个kvm,下面是Windows 2016镜像的制作

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 iso]# qemu-img info cn_windows_server_2016_vl_feb_2018_x64_dvd_11636695.iso 
image: cn_windows_server_2016_vl_feb_2018_x64_dvd_11636695.iso
file format: raw
virtual size: 5.9G (6302720000 bytes)
disk size: 5.9G

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# mkdir virtio
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# cd virtio
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 virtio]# wget -c 'https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/stable-virtio/virtio-win.iso'
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 virtio]# wget -c https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/stable-virtio/virtio-win_amd64.vfd
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 virtio]# cd ..

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]#
下面是我的目录结构
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# tree /data/
/data/
├── centos7.5.1804-20180831.qcow2
├── CentOS-7.5.1804-x86_64-Cloud-20180831.qcow2
├── iso
│   ├── CentOS-7.5.1804-x86_64-Everything.iso
│   └── cn_windows_server_2016_vl_feb_2018_x64_dvd_11636695.iso
├── virtio
│   ├── virtio-win_amd64.vfd
│   └── virtio-win.iso
└── windows2016.qcow2

2 directories, 7 files
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]#

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 windows2016.qcow2 40G       
Formatting 'windows2016.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=42949672960 encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off 
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# NAME=windows2016 && ROOT_DISK=windows2016.qcow2 && \
CDROM1=`pwd`/virtio/virtio-win.iso && \
CDROM2=`pwd`/iso/cn_windows_server_2016_vl_feb_2018_x64_dvd_11636695.iso
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virt-install \
--name $NAME \
--connect qemu:///system \
--arch=x86_64 \
--ram 8192 \
--vcpus 4 \
--cpu host \
--video cirrus \
--network network=default,model=virtio \
--features hyperv_relaxed=on,hyperv_spinlocks=on,hyperv_vapic=on \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \
--noautoconsole \
--os-type windows \
--os-variant win2k16 \
--disk $ROOT_DISK,format=qcow2,device=disk,bus=virtio  \
--disk path=$CDROM2,device=cdrom  \
--cdrom=$CDROM1

Starting install...
Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to 
the console to complete the installation process.
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]#
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh list --all
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 1     centos                         running
 2     windows2016                    running

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]#

9、连接KVM节点
由于我这里是远程连接的，所有我就直接使用了VNC连接，如果要是本地的话，还可以使用virt-manager、virt-viewer连接

10、为了方便等下进系统操作，我们这边来给新建的虚拟机做下远程管理端口映射

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# yum install -y git kernel-devel gcc gcc-c++ make && \
git clone https://github.com/kklis/proxy /usr/local/bin/proxy && \
cd /usr/local/bin/proxy && make && cd -
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/bin/proxy:$PATH"' > /etc/profile.d/proxy.sh && \
source /etc/profile.d/proxy.sh
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh list --all       
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 10    windows2016                    running
 -     centos                         shut off

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh domifaddr 10
 Name       MAC address          Protocol     Address
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 vnet0      52:54:00:fe:e8:b7    ipv4         192.168.122.5/24

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# proxy -h
proxy: option requires an argument -- 'h'
Syntax: proxy [-b bind_address] -l local_port -h remote_host -p remote_port [-i "input parser"] [-o "output parser"] [-f (stay in foreground)] [-s (use syslog)]
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# proxy -l 3389 -h 192.168.122.5 -p 3389 
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# ss -tnl | grep 3389
LISTEN     0      20           *:3389                     *:*                  
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# ip addr s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 5e:30:bc:a7:cb:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 142.93.58.27/20 brd 142.93.63.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.10.0.5/16 brd 10.10.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5c30:bcff:fea7:cb2d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]#

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh list --all   
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 10    windows2016                    running
 11    centos                         running

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh domifaddr 11 
 Name       MAC address          Protocol     Address
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 vnet1      52:54:00:13:2a:ac    ipv4         192.168.122.244/24

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# proxy -l 22992 -h 192.168.122.244 -p 22     
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# ss -tnl | grep 22992
LISTEN     0      20           *:22992                    *:*                  
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# ip addr s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 5e:30:bc:a7:cb:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 142.93.58.27/20 brd 142.93.63.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.10.0.5/16 brd 10.10.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5c30:bcff:fea7:cb2d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]#

11、将镜像虚拟机的光驱弹出

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh list --all
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 10    windows2016                    running
 11    centos                         running
 14    centos7                        running

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh dumpxml centos | grep -I10 cdrom
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
      <source file='/data/centos.qcow2'/>
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
      

<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <alias name='ide0-0-0'/>
      

<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      

<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]#

通过上面的查询我们得知镜像挂载在了hda上了，下面弹出镜像

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh attach-disk --type cdrom --mode readonly centos "" hda 
Disk attached successfully

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]#

12、所有的操作之前给虚拟机做个快照，原因大家懂的

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh snapshot-create-as --domain centos --name "20180828_131612" --description "开始制作镜像-新系统-20180828_131632"
Domain snapshot 20180828_131612 created
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh snapshot-list centos
 Name                 Creation Time             State
------------------------------------------------------------
 20180828_131612      2018-08-28 05:17:37 +0000 running

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]#

二：开始制作CentOS镜像
1、给系统安装acpid，用于电源状态同步，不安装会出现无法关机重启的现象

[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# yum install acpid -y
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# systemctl enable acpid.service

2、配置元数据
一般在实例创建最后一步时，必须要获取到用户的公钥信息，还有用户的数据和脚本，如何获取到？此时就需要guest host 安装cloud-init程序包来获取这些信息：

[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# yum install cloud-init -y

在基于CentOS的虚拟机上，公钥信息会被存放在centos帐号下，也就是可以使用centos作为用户名，通过密钥远程登录。通过编辑/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg文件可以使用其他的用户帐号名称。

[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# sed -ri 's/^(disable_root: ).*/\10/' /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg #启用root用户
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# sed -ri 's/^(ssh_pwauth: ).*/\11/' /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg         #允许密码登录
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# echo 'datasource_list: ["OpenStack"]

datasource:
  OpenStack:
    metadata_urls: ["http://169.254.169.254"]
    max_wait: -1
    timeout: 10
    retries: 5' >> /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]#

3、安装cloud-utils-growpart 以允许调整分区大小

[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# yum install cloud-utils-growpart -y

4、禁用zeroconf 路由
对于访问元数据服务的实例，必须禁用默认的zeroconf路由：

[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# echo "NOZEROCONF=yes" >> /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# head -2 /etc/sysconfig/network
# Created by anaconda
NOZEROCONF=yes
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]#

5、修改网卡配置

[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# echo 'DEVICE="eth0"                          
BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Ethernet"
NM_CONTROLLED="no"' > /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
DEVICE="eth0"
BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Ethernet"
NM_CONTROLLED="no"
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]#

6、配置控制台

[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# grep 'GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX' /etc/default/grub                         
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=DTVG/root rd.lvm.lv=DTVG/swap rhgb quiet ipv6.disable=1"
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# sed -ri 's/ (rhgb|quiet)//g' /etc/default/grub                      
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# sed -ri 's/^(GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX.*)"$/\1 console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8"/' /etc/default/grub
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# sed -ri 's/(crashkernel=)auto/\1256M/' /etc/default/grub
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# grep 'GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX' /etc/default/grub 
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=256M ipv6.disable=1 console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8"
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.18.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-4.18.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-e3627439b8094c4b905ee28ed2e3ebeb
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-e3627439b8094c4b905ee28ed2e3ebeb.img
done
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg
CentOS Linux (4.18.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)
CentOS Linux (3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
CentOS Linux (0-rescue-e3627439b8094c4b905ee28ed2e3ebeb) 7 (Core)
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# grub2-set-default 0
[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]#

7、关机

[root@DT_Node-192_168_122_244 ~]# poweroff

8、回到宿主机上来给虚拟机做清除动作
在实例运行中，操作系统会将虚拟以太网卡的MAC地址记录在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0等位置。但是，每次使用镜像启动新实例时，虚拟以太网卡将会有不同的MAC地址，因此必须从配置文件中删除该信息。
可以用virt-sysprep 程序，完成各种清理任务，如删除MAC地址引用：

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 ~]# virt-sysprep -d centos
[   0.0] Examining the guest ...
[  24.6] Performing "abrt-data" ...
[  24.6] Performing "backup-files" ...
[  26.5] Performing "bash-history" ...
[  26.5] Performing "blkid-tab" ...
[  26.5] Performing "crash-data" ...
[  26.5] Performing "cron-spool" ...
[  26.5] Performing "dhcp-client-state" ...
[  26.5] Performing "dhcp-server-state" ...
[  26.5] Performing "dovecot-data" ...
[  26.5] Performing "logfiles" ...
[  26.6] Performing "machine-id" ...
[  26.6] Performing "mail-spool" ...
[  26.6] Performing "net-hostname" ...
[  26.6] Performing "net-hwaddr" ...
[  26.6] Performing "pacct-log" ...
[  26.6] Performing "package-manager-cache" ...
[  26.7] Performing "pam-data" ...
[  26.7] Performing "passwd-backups" ...
[  26.7] Performing "puppet-data-log" ...
[  26.7] Performing "rh-subscription-manager" ...
[  26.7] Performing "rhn-systemid" ...
[  26.7] Performing "rpm-db" ...
[  26.7] Performing "samba-db-log" ...
[  26.7] Performing "script" ...
[  26.7] Performing "smolt-uuid" ...
[  26.7] Performing "ssh-hostkeys" ...
[  26.7] Performing "ssh-userdir" ...
[  26.7] Performing "sssd-db-log" ...
[  26.7] Performing "tmp-files" ...
[  26.8] Performing "udev-persistent-net" ...
[  26.8] Performing "utmp" ...
[  26.8] Performing "yum-uuid" ...
[  26.8] Performing "customize" ...
[  26.8] Setting a random seed
[  26.8] Setting the machine ID in /etc/machine-id
[  27.2] Performing "lvm-uuids" ...
[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 ~]#

9、删除虚拟机的嗯快照

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh list --all
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 10    windows2016                    running
 14    centos7                        running
 -     centos                         shut off

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh snapshot-list centos
 Name                 Creation Time             State
------------------------------------------------------------
 20180828_131612      2018-08-28 05:17:37 +0000 running

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh list --all          
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 10    windows2016                    running
 14    centos7                        running
 -     centos                         shut off

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh snapshot-list centos --tree
20180828_131612


[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh snapshot-list centos
 Name                 Creation Time             State
------------------------------------------------------------
 20180828_131612      2018-08-28 05:17:37 +0000 running

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh snapshot-info centos  --snapshotname 20180828_131612
Name:           20180828_131612
Domain:         centos
Current:        yes
State:          running
Location:       internal
Parent:         -
Children:       0
Descendants:    0
Metadata:       yes

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh snapshot-delete --domain centos --snapshotname 20180828_131612
Domain snapshot 20180828_131612 deleted

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh snapshot-list centos
 Name                 Creation Time             State
------------------------------------------------------------

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]#

10、取消定义libvirt域

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh undefine centos
Domain centos has been undefined

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virsh list --all                 
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 10    windows2016                    running
 14    centos7                        running

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]#

11、压缩镜像

[root@centos-s-6vcpu-16gb-nyc1-01 data]# virt-sparsify --compress /data/centos.qcow2 CentOS-7.5.1804-x86_64-Cloud.qcow2
[   0.1] Create overlay file in /tmp to protect source disk
[   0.2] Examine source disk
[   4.2] Fill free space in /dev/DTVG/root with zero
 100% ⟦▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒⟧ 00:00
[  67.4] Clearing Linux swap on /dev/DTVG/swap
 100% ⟦▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒⟧ 00:00
[  73.4] Fill free space in /dev/sda1 with zero
[  75.7] Copy to destination and make sparse
[ 262.9] Sparsify operation completed with no errors.
virt-sparsify: Before deleting the old disk, carefully check that the 
target disk boots and works correctly.

三、开始制作Windows镜像

1、到了这时候会发现找不到系统盘，没关系，我们加载下驱动就可以了,然后继续安装系统。

2、进了系统之后会发现网卡驱动也没有，我们再来安装网卡驱动

3、安装Cloudbase-Init
下载地址：http://www.cloudbase.it/downloads/CloudbaseInitSetup_Stable_x64.msi
为了让Cloudbase-Init在系统启动时运行脚本，设置PowerShell执行策略解除限制。

Windows PowerShell
版权所有 (C) 2016 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

PS C:\Windows\system32> Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted

执行策略更改
执行策略可帮助你防止执行不信任的脚本。更改执行策略可能会产生安全风险，如 http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170
中的 about_Execution_Policies 帮助主题所述。是否要更改执行策略?
[Y] 是(Y)  [A] 全是(A)  [N] 否(N)  [L] 全否(L)  [S] 暂停(S)  [?] 帮助 (默认值为“N”): Y
PS C:\Windows\system32>

双击安装

在configuration options窗口，修改以下设置：
•日志输出串口：COM1

当安装完成后，在Complete the Cloudbase-Init Setup Wizard 窗口，选择Run
Sysprep和Shutdown 复选框，然后点击Finish。
等待虚机关闭。
你的镜像已经准备好上传到镜像服务了

下面是我的CentOS 7 cloud-init的配置文件

users:
 - default

disable_root: False
ssh_pwauth: True

chpasswd:
  list: |
    centos:YWEwZDg2N2NkZDI0ZTUyNDMz
  expire: false

growpart:
  mode: growpart
  devices: [ '/dev/vda2' ]

# use runcmd to grow the VG, LV and root filesystem, as cloud-init
# doesn't handle LVM resizing natively
runcmd:
  - [ sh, -c, echo "=========Resize root filesystem=========" ]
  - [ partx, --update, /dev/vda >/dev/null 2>&1 ]
  - [ sh, -c, New_partition_No=$(sgdisk -p /dev/vda|awk 'END {print ($1+1)}') ]
  - [ sh, -c, First_sector=$(sgdisk -p /dev/vda|awk 'END {print($3+1)}') ]
  - [ sh, -c, sgdisk -g -n $New_partition_No:$First_sector -t $New_partition_No:8e00 -c $New_partition_No:"LVM Data Partition" -p /dev/vda ]
  - [ partx, --update, /dev/vda >/dev/null 2>&1 ]
  - [ sh, -c, pvcreate /dev/vda3 ]
  - [ sh, -c, vgextend LBVG /dev/vda3 ]
  - [ sh, -c, pvresize /dev/vda2 ]
  - [ sh, -c, lvextend -l +90%FREE /dev/mapper/LBVG-root ]
  - [ sh, -c, xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/LBVG-root >/dev/null 2>&1 ]
  - [ sh, -c, echo "=========Resize root filesystem Finish=========" ]

mount_default_fields: [~, ~, 'auto', 'defaults,nofail', '0', '2']
resize_rootfs_tmp: /dev
ssh_deletekeys:   0
ssh_genkeytypes:  ~
syslog_fix_perms: ~

cloud_init_modules:
 - migrator
 - bootcmd
 - write-files
 - growpart
 - resizefs
 - set_hostname
 - update_hostname
 - update_etc_hosts
 - rsyslog
 - users-groups
 - ssh

cloud_config_modules:
 - mounts
 - locale
 - set-passwords
 - rh_subscription
 - yum-add-repo
 - package-update-upgrade-install
 - timezone
 - puppet
 - chef
 - salt-minion
 - mcollective
 - disable-ec2-metadata
 - runcmd

cloud_final_modules:
 - rightscale_userdata
 - scripts-per-once
 - scripts-per-boot
 - scripts-per-instance
 - scripts-user
 - ssh-authkey-fingerprints
 - keys-to-console
 - phone-home
 - final-message
 - power-state-change

system_info:
  default_user:
    name: centos
    lock_passwd: true
    gecos: Cloud User
    groups: [wheel, adm, systemd-journal]
    sudo: ["ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL"]
    shell: /bin/bash
  distro: rhel
  paths:
    cloud_dir: /var/lib/cloud
    templates_dir: /etc/cloud/templates
  ssh_svcname: sshd

# vim:syntax=yaml